“What supports ‘Collective Intelligence’ in mobile phone technology?”
Introduction: Mobile Phones and Collective Intelligence.
Mobile phones are an ever expanding technology, and the number of applications mobile technologies can have in society is increasing. The concept of collective intelligence, the ability to tap into vast resources of information, is inherently present in the technology of mobile phones.
Description of the Technology
Mobile phones are portable electronic devices used for personal telecommunications over long distance.
Mobile phones are “extremely sophisticated radios,” that connect to cellular networks at base stations. It is then interconnected to the public switched telephone network (PSTN).
As Ling points out;
“…Mobile telephony has grown from being a rather ponderous and awkward system to being an easily transported part of everyday life.”
Yuki Noguchi describes the increasing popularity in mobile camera phones, and described the emerging prominence of mobile phones in society; and how;
“Wireless companies have recently started offering video camcorders on their phones that can nearly instantly transmit moving pictures over e-mail or onto the Internet.”
Uses and implications of mobile phone technology; information-sharing, entertainment and social practices.
Obviously a technology as versatile as the mobile phone has extensive uses. Information-sharing is an integral function of the mobile phone.
A prominent example of mobile phones demonstrating an ability to convey information and support the concept of a collective intelligence was the bombings in London’s underground train system on the 7th of July 2005. Not long after the event the BBC was able to produce video footage, eyewitness accounts, and photography relating to the event on its television news service. James Owen of the National Geographic News highlighted that:
“The BBC said it received around 30 video clips from members of the public …TV news channels, meanwhile, aired cell phone video footage within half an hour of the explosions.”
In this instance mobile phones (featuring SMS and picture-messaging) were used by some members of the public to contribute to a collective intelligence, which in turn was available to other members of the public via their mobile phone web browsers and news feeds from the BBC.
Of course information sharing can take many forms. As Sean Coughlan of the BBC commented, the British elections in 2005 utilized mobile technology to distribute results.
Also, days after Saddam Hussein was hanged, mobile phone images and videos were all over the web, which was very controversial.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6225337.stm
However, not only current affairs can be shared, and many other information services are available on mobile phones, including sporting results, bus and train timetables, and email. For example, cities like London Helsinki, and Finland now offer train tickets sent directly to the mobile phone. Hopes are to shorten ques for tickets and it is quicker and more convenient.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/oxfordshire/6079608.stm
This leads into the entertainment aspects of mobile phones. Recently LG released its ‘chocolate’ handset, which encompasses all of the entertainment capabilities of most new mobile models. The many functions of mobile phones for the entertainment, present in LG’s model, include:
• MP3 and midi playback
• Internet browser with JAVA
• Game capability.
• Radio
Models such as the Nokia Engage took mobile entertainment to a new level, enabling the user to purchase game cartridges for the phone. Apple’s iPhone integrates apple’s popular iPod product into the handset, further demonstrating how entertainment is becoming intertwined with the concept of the mobile phone.
The mobile phone has also, to an extent, shaped contemporary social interaction, and its development. It has created new social practices and behaviours relating to:
• Interpersonal Situations; Ling highlighted; “The mobile phone intrudes into the complex web of interactions, and it demands that they be rearranged” (Ling pp.130)
• Changing of language
• instant communication, social networking
• Security, belief that mobile phones provide security
• Making the world smaller
• Time management, and the ability to, as Ling articulated, “soften schedules”;
Aspects of technology supporting practices
Technological features of mobile phones such as built-in camera and microphones to record and play, video, images and photos, enable the capture of information. Transmission is then facilitated by;
• SMS (short message service)
• MMS (Media message service),
• WAP (Mobile internet access technology),
• 3G video calls,
• Regular phone calls.
These allow captured information to be distributed, for example to the BBC, where it is in turn broadcast to a larger audience. Yuki Noguchi of the Washington post reiterated this;
“The availability of the cameras, combined with the ability to transmit pictures and text instantaneously, is enabling the world to view news with nearly the immediacy of a victim or eyewitness.”
How easy is it to use such technologies?
For the digital natives, it seems that the use of mobile phone technology is an easy task, as they have grown up witnessing and experiencing the development of the technology. Mobile phone companies such as Nokia integrate a series of menus, commands and shortcuts, into their phones, to create a user interface that is as easy to use as possible. However, for digital emigrants, the mastering of mobile phones may be a more challenging task, as it means adapting to, and learning about new ways of manipulating and using technology; this can be difficult despite how ‘easy’ mobile phone production companies attempt to make their handsets.
Reference List
BBC News, Train firm to issue phone tickets, viewed 20 March 2007, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/oxfordshire/6079608.stm
BBC News 2007, New unofficial Saddam video posted, viewed 20 March 2007,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6243747.stm
Brian, M, Layton, J, Tyson, J, How Cell Phones Work, viewed 20 March 2007,
http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/cell-phone.htm
Coughlan, S 2005, The First Mobile Phone Election, viewed 19 March 2007,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/vote_2005/frontpage/4457723.stm
Hirst, M, Harrison, J 2007, Communication and New Media, Oxford University Press,
Melbourne Victoria, Australia, pp. 258-259
Ling, R 2004, The Mobile Connection, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Francisco, U.S.A., pp. 11, 130, 69.
Noguchi, Y 2005, Camera Phones Lend Immediacy to Images of Disaster, viewed 18 March 2007, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/07/07/AR2005070701522.html
Owen, J 2005, London Bombing Pictures Mark New Role for Camera Phones, viewed 18 March 2007, http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/07/0711_050711_londoncell.html
Wikipedia, Mobile Phones, viewed 20 March 2007, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_Phones